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The force of attraction between any two objects in the universe is related to the mass of each object and the distance between the objects multiplied by a proportionality factor, G. We measure the universal gravitational constant using a torsion balance with two pairs of metal masses, one small and one large. Attaching a mirror to the pendulum bob and using a laser projected from the mirror allows us to measure the angular twist of the torsion ribbon in response to the attraction between the large and small masses on either side of the pendulum. We used three different methods of using the pendulum to calculate this constant. Each of the three methods yielded values of G: GI = 6.41 ± 0.05 x 10-11, GII = 6.36 ± 0.04 x 10-11, and GIII = 7.8 ± 0.1 x 10-11

A pair of POCOP-supported mono- and dicarbonyl complexes of Co have been prepared and crystallographically characterized. The reactivity of (tBuPOCOP)Co(CO) with H2, acids, and carbon monoxide has been compared to that of the previously reported Rh and Ir counterparts. Co is found to share reactivity traits with both Rh and Ir

The animal microbiome has rapidly become of great interest in current research as the microbiome is considered to be of vital importance to the survival of its host. Most studies have focused on bacterial communities due to their large populations and their smaller genomes. However, there are other understudied groups, such as fungi, which may also be important to improving our knowledge of their roles with their hosts. In this study we aim to identify the fungal communities within the cloaca of green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) with the secondary goal of discovering whether these communities vary by ontogenetic shift in habitat. Pelagic-stage turtles were sampled from the Port of Venice, Louisiana while neritic juveniles were sampled from along the beachfront of Santa Rosa Island, Florida. Cloacal swabs were collected and stored at –20˚C until DNA extraction. The fungal ITS regions were amplified using PCR and cloned into the pGEM-T vector for selection and sequencing. Samples from six individual turtles resulted in 30 clones which show that the majority of the fungal communities in the cloaca are dominated by the phylum Ascomycota, which includes the genera Candida, Cladosporium, Podospora, and Epicoccum. Other fungi identified include strains of Exophiala and Malassezia. The overall fungal community of the cloaca is primarily dominated by cellulolytic fungi, especially in the neritic sea turtles. A majority of the fungi identified are common on the dermis of animals, while others, such as Epicoccum nigrum, may even have some antimicrobial properties to aid the host in avoiding pathogens. At present, and to the best of our knowledge, there have been no other studies made in an attempt to characterize and identify the mycobiome of healthy, juvenile green sea turtleshttp://opus.ipfw.edu/stu_symp2017/1013/thumbnail.jp

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The growing number of universities passing open access policies is increasingly pushing librarians into the role of educators in issues of scholarly communications. This paper addresses a number of faculty concerns pertaining to open access publishing and institutional repositories which have arisen in connection with the passage of an open access policy, as well as practical ways librarians can educate faculty and graduate students in navigating issues of open access, institutional repositories, and journal quality

Phylea Anderson is a senior at IPFW. She will be earning a degree in Communications with a concentration of interpersonal and organizational. Along with her B.A., she will also be receiving a certificate in Peace and Conflict Studies (PACS). Each of these disciplines has allowed her to see farther than the world she lives in and the people that surround her. Her biggest joy is volunteering for the annual Harambee Festival in Fort Wayne. Founded over 20 years ago by Phylea’s grandmother, it has enabled her to continue the legacy of goodwill and peace

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In light of recent scholarship about teachers leveraging social media to support their continuing professional development, this article documents an investigation of school board policies governing teachers’ use of social media. Focusing on 30 traditional public school systems within a 10-county region in the Midwestern United States, the author collected social media policies and conducted an ethnographic content analysis to build an understanding of the policies that stand to guide teachers’ professionally oriented participation online. Of the 30 public school districts included in the study, 19 districts published policies specific to teachers’ use of social media. Reporting the study’s findings, the author addresses the districts’ efforts to craft policies that define social media, reiterate relevant pre-existing policies and support educational uses of social media. Implications for teachers, teacher educators and policymakers are included

The type of response (text based, emoticon based, or none at all) to a negative text message was assessed. Participants preferred text based, over emoticon based, over no response. Personality factors related to these preferences were also assessed. Thoughtful written responses appear to be the preferred way to communicate support

It is widely accepted that by 2050 the world will host 9 billion people. Today’s society already copes with nearly 1 billion chronically hungry people worldwide; factoring climate change effects and subsequent alterations in geology, there will be devastating effects on food sources. We need to find new ways of growing food and rediscover our original diets as Homo-sapiens. An insectivorous diet is able to provide essential proteins and nutrients to the human body. Insect consumption also offers a significant opportunity to merge traditional knowledge and modern science in both developed and developing countries. Placing insects back into the human diet will allow alternative nutrition, a healthier environment, and increased trade and economic development. This paper contains two surveys conducted in the hope of raising awareness of the many valuable roles that insects play in sustaining nature and in human life. The first survey, with 100 responses, sheds light on the misperceptions people have when considering eating insects. In the end, 39 of the 100 responses would choose insect diets over beef. The second survey of 200 responses gives the respondents nutritional, environmental, and geographical facts about insects before leading into questions in response to the facts given. Based on the second survey conducted, 88% of 200 respondents are more willing to try insects and believe in the changes that could happen globally if the insect diet were embraced. From the two surveys, it appears people are more willing to try insects after they have been presented with the relevant nutritional and environmental incentives. All it takes is education/ and exposure to change people’s perceptions.http://opus.ipfw.edu/stu_symp2017/1031/thumbnail.jp

Thrips are economically damaging plant pests. Not only does the thrips feeding on crops cause damage but they also serve as vectors for plant diseases such as tospoviruses. These viruses cause diseases that damage crops and lead to severe yield loss around the world. Studies with tospovirus, Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus have shown that virus infection changes the feeding behavior of thrips, causing them to probe three times as often as uninfected thrips. The tospovirus, Soybean Vein Necrosis Virus is an emerging disease that is vectored by soybean thrips (Neohydatothrips variabilis). The objective of this study is to determine whether infection with SVNV causes changes in the feeding behavior of the soybean thrips vector. The feeding behaviors of thrips, either infected or uninfected with SVNV, are monitored using the electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique. Electrical penetration graphs (EPGs) record electrical signals or waveforms when mouthparts of piercing-sucking insects, such as thrips, probe into a plant. Different feeding activities produce different waveforms, which can be analyzed to determine insect feeding patterns. Our results show that feeding behavior of infected thrips is significantly different compared to uninfected thrips. It is found that the most common probe type for the infected thrips was non-ingestion probes. Non-ingestion probes not beneficial for the thrips because they not ingesting the cell content. However, non-ingestion probes are beneficial for the virus because they allow the virus to be transferred. These results emphasize the coordinated evolution between topsoviruses and their thrips vector.http://opus.ipfw.edu/stu_symp2017/1024/thumbnail.jp

Our society faces a large amount of fear and emotions surrounding the ideology of death. The intent of my project is to create a way that we as a society can come to understand the importance of better expressing our views on death and its relationship in the life cycle. My project is an effort to answer questions concerning death and create a means in which we can all more fully understand how to cope with the aspect of the life cycle. The process and product I will be creating to address the issue of death and the life cycle, will be to create a company that will promote and produce end of life celebrations for individuals. My company, “Bucket Party”, will work with individuals and families to create a celebration of life party that will take place while a person is still alive. This will allow the individual a chance to gather with family and friends to celebrate and reflect upon their life. By doing this, I hope to show that by celebrating an individual’s life and accomplishments, they can better come to terms with the end of life. I have already hosted one such party and the results and impact were profound. I hosted a Bucket party for a military veteran who was dying of cancer. Family, friends and loved ones gathered together to celebrate the life and accomplishments of this individual. Doing this prior to death is a unique and profound way to celebrate life and come to terms with mortality.http://opus.ipfw.edu/stu_symp2017/1016/thumbnail.jp

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At the end of this semester, Heather Dewey will graduate with a History major, an Honors Medal, minors in Spanish and Creative Writing, and a certificate in International Studies. Afterwards, she hopes to be accepted into a doctoral program to continue her studies in the effects of political regimes and historical narratives on the memories and historiography of nations like Chile, Spain, and the Soviet Union. Over the summer, she will be taking courses in Russian and will continue to practice Spanish. In her spare time, she writes psychological horror stories and is working on a novel that she and her sister (an illustrator) hope to self-publish. Attending IPFW has been one of the greatest times of Heather’s life, and she would like to thank everyone in the History Department and others who have helped her develop and grow as a scholar and as a person

Social media provides one route to behaviors that may be potentially harmful to romantic relationships, such as communicating with alternative partners, which can sometimes create relationship conflict, breakups, or divorce. Limited empirical evidence exists concerning social media infidelity-related behaviors and marital relationships. This study examined whether married/cohabiting individuals are using social media sites to engage in online infidelity-related behaviors and to what extent this related to relationship satisfaction, ambivalence, and relational attachment characteristics as reported by 338 married/cohabiting individuals from 176 families. Only a small percentage of married/cohabiting couples reported engaging in social media infidelity-related behaviors; however, more engagement in infidelity-related behaviors on social media was significantly related to lower relationship satisfaction, higher relationship ambivalence, and greater attachment avoidance and anxiety in both women and men. Additionally, attachment anxiety and gender interacted with relationship satisfaction in predicting online infidelity-related behaviors when controlling for other variables. Implications are discussed

Adultsu27 Theory of Mind (ToM) was examined in relation to positive (empathy and interpersonal attachment) and negative (e.g., manipulation) socialpersonality characteristics. Higher levels of ToM were associated with more empathic concern. By contrast, adultsu27 ToM scores were inversely related to negative social-personality characteristics, such as those related to manipulatio

Internet addiction predicts risky sexual behavior; however, pornography and sex site usage are sequential mediators in this relationship. Progressing from passive (pornography viewing) to active (sex site usage) Internet sexual behavior, relates to higher rates of risky offline sexual activities (i.e., sexting nude pictures and meeting for offline sex)

“Why can’t they just quit!?” Many individuals, including counselors-in-training, have difficulty experiencing empathy for clients struggling with addiction. The purpose of this poster session is to discuss the use of an abstinence exercise in counselor education addictions courses and the present data regarding the impact of such an exercise on student counselor empathy for people with addictive disorders

Sports culture is central to the lives of many students, whether they participate in athletic competitions or sports fandom. Unfortunately, sports culture also reflects many sociopolitical issues and inequities that impinge upon our greater society in the present day (e.g., domestic violence, racism). For those reasons, sports-based text sets—diverse collections of texts about figures, events, and happenings in sports culture—stand to support teachers in honoring students’ knowledge of and interests in sports culture while also facilitating critical literacy practices through the investigation of inequities that ail both sport and society. This article introduces the notion of a sports-based text set, addresses the types of texts that might be featured in such a set, and presents ideas for exploring specific texts with students, using the issue of inequitable compensation for male and female athletes as an example

Mothers with depression tend to engage in insensitive styles of interaction, which have been associated with delays or deficits in early socioemotional and cognitive development. Furthermore, decreased levels of sensitivity have been found, not only in clinically depressed mothers, but also in mothers with elevated symptoms of depression (e.g., Bettes, 1988; Donovan, Leavitt, u26 Walsh, 1998). While research has established that maternal interactional sensitivity is an important contributor in development, little research has been conducted concerning contributions from the father. This is important because in the United States, fathers are present in 72% of households, making them a large factor concerning nonmaternal care and interactions with children (Forbes, Cohn, Allen, u26 Lewinsohn, 2004). In the present research, depressive symptoms are expected to be negatively correlated with parental mind-mindedness (i.e., parents’ tendency to treat their children as individuals with independent minds; Meins, 1997), and parents’ sensitive attunement, or responsiveness, to their preschoolers’ mental processes during collaborative problem-solving. Parents completed a set of questionnaires, participated in a mind-mindedness interview, and collaborated with their child on a puzzle construction task. Parent-child interactions are coded for interactional attunement. We found that both mothers and fathers who showed depressive symptoms used more control comments and fewer autonomy comments. In other words, both mothers and fathers who exhibited depressive symptoms were more likely to give directions and engage in control comments (eg., “Put that there.”) when interacting with their child, and encourage less independent thinking. The present findings may contribute to the understanding of the relation between parental depression and interaction styles. Self-focused tendencies associated with depression and depressive symptoms may hinder parents’ ability to represent their children’s mental processes. The representation of mental processes is viewed as a precursor to the ability to respond appropriately and sensitively to children’s mental processes (Meins, 1999). Perhaps with additional research, intervention techniques could be developed to promote higher levels of mind-mindedness in those with a tendency to be self-focused, to promote more optimal developmental outcomes.http://opus.ipfw.edu/stu_symp2017/1011/thumbnail.jp

From its original discovery in 2008, the Soybean vein necrosis virus (SVNV), first prevalent in Tennessee, has since spread to fifteen states in the Northern region. Typically vectored by thrips, the Tospovirus genus virus’ effects are gaining attention even as SVNV’s agricultural importance has yet to be fully assessed. Currently, soybean thrips is considered the primary vector or most efficient transmitter of the virus, whereas tobacco thrips and eastern flower thrips are secondary vectors. The purpose of this study was the following: Investigate the mechanism by which thrips spread the virus from plant to plant by conducting choice tests. Choice tests were conducted in enclosed structures to isolate an individual leaf connected to two distinct living plants. Six SVNV-infected thrips were released inside the enclosure. This allowed for random choice of the thrips. The choice-test can explain whether infected thrips (1) prefer to feed on uninfected plants rather than infected plants or (2) thrips show no feeding preference at all. A series of twenty non-choice tests were completed using two uninfected plants to reveal thrips preference in a control setting. The results showed an approximately 1:1 preference for the two leaves, which laid the groundwork to support the non-random preference of virus transmittance. A second set of twenty choice tests were completed using one infected and one non-infected plant to reveal thrips preference. The choice-test showed all of the infected thrips preferred to feed on the uninfected plant. This suggests that as SVNV-infected thrips feed and infect a healthy plant their offspring will become infected which could lead to increased virus transmission as a result of increased population of viruliferous thrips.http://opus.ipfw.edu/stu_symp2017/1017/thumbnail.jp

We present a thin front model for the propagation of chemical reaction fronts in liquids inside a Hele-Shaw cell or porous media. In this model we take into account density gradients due to thermal and compositional changes across a thin interface. The front separating reacted from unreacted fluids evolves following an eikonal relation between the normal speed and the curvature. We carry out a linear stability analysis of convectionless flat fronts confined in a two-dimensional rectangular domain. We find that all fronts are stable to perturbations of short wavelength, but they become unstable for some wavelengths depending on the values of compositional and thermal gradients. If the effects of these gradients oppose each other, we observe a range of wavelengths that make the flat front unstable. Numerical solutions of the nonlinear model show curved fronts of steady shape with convection propagating faster than flat fronts. Exothermic fronts increase the temperature of the fluid as they propagate through the domain. This increment in temperature decreases with increasing speed

“Revisiting/Recreate Walter Ruttmann animating technique” I am presenting a Creative project of a short film using the technique of abstracted animation based on the work of Walter Ruttmann. The main purpose of this creative project proposal is to get a better understanding of the animation technique used by Walter Ruttmann and how he used abstract shapes to tell multiple stories. The goals of my project are: 1. Develop a few different types of shape sequences similar to Ruttmann’s Opus 1. 2. Study and apply the color technique used in Walter Ruttmann’s films. 3. Study and apply Ruttmann’s various shape movements. 4. Understand how Walter Ruttmann converts one shape into the next in a way that is pleasing to the eye. 5. Show how Rittman’s work contributes to today’s animation. The conclusion of this creative project will help give me a better understanding on how to integrate different animation techniques into my work. Exploring the style of Walter Guttmann will further give me the knowledge to become a better animator and graphic designer.http://opus.ipfw.edu/stu_symp2017/1008/thumbnail.jp